社会语言学 社会语言学是语言学中的重要研究领域或之一,它是一门研究语言与社会的关系的学问。 语言社会相互影响。首先社会对语言的影响,具体指语言的变异、变体和语言使用习惯上的差异。其次是语言对社会的影响,具体指语言的社会功能。而社会对语言的影响是社会语言学的研究重点。 语言是一种社会现象,在社会生活中起着极其重要的作用,而社会对语言产生巨大的影响。人们的阶级出身、社会地位、接受的教育、从事的职业、再加上各自年龄、性别、民族等各方面有很大的不同,所以使用的语言就会有差异,这就形成了语言的变异和变体。语言的变异和变体反映在语音、语调、语法和语汇的差别上,也反映道语言使用习惯的差别上。正是因为这一点,有的语言学家用下面一句话来概括社会语言学:社会语言学的任务在于描述“语言和社会结构的共变”。(William Bright,1964) 后来,美国的另一位社会语言学家Nessa Wolson (1983)用一句话来概括社会语言学的范围: Who says what to whom, when and how. 这句话概括了社会语言学的要素:what 代表语言部分,how代表说话的方式方法,who、whom和when代表社会变量,即说话人和听话人在什么时候或什么场合讲的话。

综上所述,不管语言学家如何界说社会语言学,作为一门重要的学科领域,它主要研究语言的变异、变体、语言使用习惯上的差异,以及造成这些变异、变体及差异的社会文化因素。 本系社会语言学方向开设的课程有“社会语言学导论”、“语言与社会”、“跨文化交际”、“文体学”、“统计学”等,系统地介绍社会语言学中的各种概念及理论,为学生打下坚实的理论基础,使学生对社会语言学有系统的认识,并培养学生初步进行实地调查的能力。 Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society. Sociolinguistics is concerned with investigating the relationships between language and society with the goal being a better understanding of the structure of language and of how languages function in communication. Coulmas (1997) says that sociolinguistics (micro-sociolinguistics) investigates how social structure influences the way people talk and how language varieties and patterns of use correlate with social attributes such as class, sex, and age. Language is closely intertwined with society, and it is impossible to understand one without the knowledge of the other. Therefore, we must look into various aspects of the possible relationships between language and society. There is no human society that does not depend upon, is not shaped by, and does not itself shape language. The relationship between language and society can be interestingly reflected in the ways people use language in social interaction, actually in the whole stuff of everyday life; how you talk to your friends, family, and teachers, as well as to storekeepers and strangers——everyone you meet in the course of a day——and why you talk as you do and they talk as they do. Almost all of our contact with family and friends, and much of our contact with strangers, involves speaking. Much of such speaking is strongly governed by rules, rules that dictate others with language, and they manipulate us, often without either party being at all aware of the manipulation. A communicatively competent person must know when it is appropriate to open a conversation and how, what topics are appropriate to particular speech events, which forms of address are to be used to whom and in which situations, and how such speech acts as greetings, complements, apologies, invitations and complaints are to be given, interpreted and responded to. Relevantly concerned with both language and society are also apparently trivial matters, with the talk on street corners as well as in the classroom, the things that people do when they want to talk and the ways they signal that they are listening. Even matters like where you choose to sit in a cafeteria or at a meeting, or the amount of space you want between you and someone else when you are talking, concern the sociolinguist. 语言、文化与翻译 当代翻译研究已不单纯限于语言方面,越来越多的翻译工作者开始把目光投向文化与翻译之间的关系;因此,翻译不仅需要进行不同语言之间的转换工作,而且还要关注文化因素在翻译中起的作用。

语言、文化与翻译之间的关系已成为当代翻译研究的趋势和重点。本专业方向正是以此为出发点,在比较英汉两种不同语言与文化之间差异的基础上,对翻译进行研究。本专业方向以理论与实践并重。学生在导师的指导下阅读中外翻译理论,并根据自己的翻译实践进行理论研究,从而比较全面地了解中外翻译论,掌握常见的翻译技巧。通过大量的中英互译实践以提高笔译能力,达到能独立、较好地翻译各种类型的文献。其主要课程有:翻译实践、翻译理论、翻译史研究、口译、写作、语言与文化、西方思想史、普通语言学、人类文化语言学、文体学、词汇学等。 Language, culture and translation Modern translation studies involve not only language aspect, but also the relationship between culture and translation, for culture plays an important role in translating. It is a growing trend to study the relationships between language, culture and translation since the three are actually closely interrealted with one another. Based on substantive translation practice, students of this major---under the guidance of tutor---are required to make an independent study on translation. Major courses offered include translation practice, translation theory, translation history, interpretation, writing, language and culture, western philosophy, general linguistics, anthropological linguistics, stylistics, and lexicology. 美国语言学 美国语言学,顾名思义,自然是指美国的语言学。

美国语言学作为一个专业术语,包括两种含义,一种是指它的描写方法,另一种是指它的理论。美国语言学,总的说来,有自己的独特的历史和传统。它虽然和欧洲和其他地区的语言学有某种程度的联系,但却根据本国的历史条件和文化条件走自己的路。该方向主要研究乔姆斯基的语言学理论以及20世纪70年代以后相继提出的各种新的理论。 研究生课程覆盖数理语言学、社会语言学导论、普通语言学、音系学、句法学、逻辑语义学、语用学等语言学专业课,及计算机应用、高级口译、翻译、高级写作、西方思想史等基础课。该方向导师方立教授是国内知名的语言学家。他在数理语言学、逻辑语义学、转换-生成语法、非转换-生成语法等研究领域颇 有建树。出版、发表论著、译著八十余项,代表著作为《数理语言学》和《逻辑语义学》(国家重点课题)。该方向教师梯队结构合理,业务素质高,全体专业课教师都曾在英、美等国从事过语言学方面的学习或研究。 American Linguistics, just as its name suggests, refers to the linguistics in the United States of America. As a technical term, it has two senses. One is its descriptive method, and the other is its theory. Generally speaking, American Linguistics has its own unique history and tradition. Though it is somewhat related to the linguistics in Europe and other areas, it goes its own special way according to the historical and cultural conditions in America. This field of research mainly studies the linguistic theories proposed by Noam Chomsky and various kinds of new theories put forward after the 1970’s. The post-graduate program covers linguistic courses and basic courses. The former includes Mathematical Linguistics, Introduction to Sociolinguistics, General Linguistics, Phonology, Syntax, Logical Semantics and Pragmatics. The latter includes Computer, Advanced Interpretation, Translation, Advanced writing and Western Ideology. Professor Fang Li, tutor of the major, enjoys high fame in linguistic circle home and abroad. The range of his research covers mathematical linguistics, logical semantics, transformational-generative grammar and non-transformational-generative grammar. He has released and published more than 80 papers and translation works. “Mathematical Linguistics”(1997) and “Logical Semantics”(2000) are his magnum opus. The teaching team for this major is well organized and has high professional quality. All the teachers of the major courses have been sent to English-speaking countries to study or do research work. 人类语言学简介 人类语言学是人类学的一门重要分支。

它主要涉及语言在更为广阔的文化环境中的地位,以及它在塑造,保持文化行为及社会结构中所发挥的作用。语言人类学从一个暂新的角度,即文化角度去挖掘隐含在语言背后的深层含义,语言的误用,以及语言的不同形式,语域和文体。简而言之,它是一门旨在探求文化理解的解释性学科。 语言学和人类语言学是两个不同的概念。对语言学家而言,他感兴趣的是语言结构。而人类语言学家则更多的关注语言的使用,及它与社会的关系。因此一名人类语言学方向的研究生需要系统学习语言学及相关的文化知识。 本专业的课程设置如下:普通语言学,人类语言学,语言与文化,跨文化交际学,词汇学,语义学,翻译,及人类语言学研究论题。 学术带头人朱文俊教授是我国最早在人类语言学领域从事研究工作的学者之一。他治学严谨,博学多识,成果丰硕。人类语言学已成为北京语言大学语言学与应用语言学硕士专业中最具特色的方向之一。 Anthropological Linguistics is that sub-field of Linguistics which is concerned with the place of language in its wider and cultural context, its role in forging and sustaining cultural practices and social structure. Anthropological linguistics views language through cultural point of view, and, as such, seeks to uncover the meaning behind the use, misuse of language, its different forms, registers, and styles. To put it simply, as an interpretive discipline, it tries to find cultural understandings. There is a division between linguistics and anthropological linguistics: The interest of the linguist is in language structure; the interest of the linguistic anthropologist is in speech use and the relations that exist between language on the one hand and society on the other. Thus a graduate student majoring in anthropological linguistics will study systematically both linguistics and culture. Courses offered cover a large range, including general linguistics, anthropological linguistics, modern English lexicology, language & culture, cross-cultural communication, translation, semantics, culture and language beyond propositions in linguistic anthropology. Professor Zhu Wenjun is one of the first scholars engaged in this field in China. He is noted for his meticulous scholarship and erudition. He contributes a lot to the development of this discipline in English Department of Beijing Language & Culture University. 外语教学理论 外语教学理论这一研究方向作为应用语言学的一个分支,是对外语教学方法的理论研究。

它利用语言学研究的各种理论基础和研究成果,结合外语教学的实践,探索外语教学的各种理论,并以此来指导外语教学。 开设的主要专业方向课程有:应用语言学,教学法,研究设计与统计,测试学。同时还开设语言与文化,心理语言学,系统功能语言学等相关专业课程。 导师: 王振亚,博士,教授,主要研究方向为应用语言学、文化语言学;已发表学术论文40余篇,主要著作及成果有《语言与文化》、《中专英语综合教程》等。1993年起享受政府特殊津贴。 陈卫东,副教授,北语雅思培训中心主任。英国爱丁堡大学英语教学法硕士(1987);曼彻斯特大学访问学者(1991-92),课题之一是在英中国留学生语言能力跟踪调查。曾于1990-1994期间主持了中央电视台的英语教学节目《电视英语》。Foreign language teaching methodology,a branch of applied linguistics,is concerned with the theoretical studies of foreign language teaching methods. Based on various linguistic theories and research findings, it focuses on the study of foreign language teaching methods and applies the findings to the practice of foreign language teaching. The main courses provided include applied linguistics, teaching methodology, research design and statistics, and language testing. There are also some related courses, such as language and culture, psycholinguistics, and systematic-functional linguistics. Professor Wang Zhen-ya is engaged in the study of applied linguistics and the relationship of language and culture. He acquired a doctoral degree in Peking University. He has published more than 40 academic essays and his major publications include language and Culture and A Comprehensive English Coursebook for Secondary Technical Schools. Professor Chen Wen-dong, Dean of IELTS Training Center of BLCU, acquired Master’s degree of foreign language teaching methodology in Edinburgh Universi ty in 1987 and was a visiting scholar to Manchester University from 1991 to 1992. One of his research findings is A Survey of the Language Competence of Chinese Students in UK.