答案是肯定的!!!
(2018年开始,巴府州对国际学生每年收3000欧元学费,其他州还是免学费)
感到吃惊么!?
其实吃惊的不止你我,还有美国人!How did Germany manage to keep education free for all (including foreigners) while the United States burdened their young with heavy college debt?
德国是怎样做到让所有人(包括国际学生)都能免费接受教育,而美国的大学教育却让年轻人身负重担呢?
之前有一期Quora精选的话题是:你为什么选择在德国留学而不是美国?那期节目可谓是说尽了德国留学的好处啊~但是今天,你可能会了解到一些不一样的观点。
第一位用户是居住在德国超过20年的一位美国人。他说他是德国教育形式的终极粉丝,但是很多来德为了免费接受教育的美国人可能不是。
一句话总结他的观点:德国是通过配给使教育免费的,并且这种所谓的“免费”其实有非常多的限制条件。
下面他给出了一个特别有意思的想法——将德国的教育体制应用于美国,看看会发生什么?
Here’s how you replicate the German model in the U.S.:
1、Close every university, private & public, except for the flagship university in each state, e.g. - UC Berkeley, UT Austin, University of North Dakota, etc.
停办所有大学,只留下每个州最具代表性最强的那所大学。
2、At those flagships, eliminate sports teams. Close down the dorms - students can live at home or rent a flat in town. No more student unions - want to hang out? Go to the local cafe or nightclub. No climbing walls, no fraternities. No “Associate Dean for Diversity”. N millionaire college presidents. Make the university functional, like the Post Office (a German friend gave me this example, and it stuck with me).
在留下的那些旗舰大学中,没有运动队;没有宿舍——学生们自己租房子或者回家和父母住;没有其他学生组织;如果想出去溜达溜达玩耍一下那就去当地的咖啡馆或者夜总会;没有攀岩墙;没有兄弟会(一个扩张人脉的学生组织,入会要交会费);没有什么多元化的副院长,N百万富翁校长。只是让大学发挥它大学教育的作用,就跟邮局就只能寄东西差不多。
3、Begin college testing in 8th grade. The top 10% will be eligible to attend a college prep high school. The remainder go to trade school/apprenticeship. Late bloomer? Too bad.
从八年级开始进行大学测试。测试排名前10%的才有资格进入大学预科高中,其余的学生就去贸易学校或者当学徒。
4、Test again in 12th grade. Students that pass entrance exams are admitted to university. The rest are not. Try again next year. No affirmative action, no legacy admissions, no special considerations for athletes (because there are no more sports teams).
在十二年级的时候进行再测试。通过入学考试的学生可以进入大学,其余的学生明年再试一次。 没有什么是肯定能做到的,没有传统的招生,没有特别考虑运动员(因为没有什么运动队)。
5、Limit majors to largely traditional subjects. No fluff, no “Victim Studies” majors, no courses on Breaking Bad or Star Trek.
将专业限制在传统科目上。“受害者研究”专业、“星际迷航课题研究”……诸如此类的想都不要想。
6、Limit academic choice considerably. Want to be an engineer? Here’s your course load. No “finding yourself”, or going undeclared for your first two years.
在专业选择上,选择面很狭窄。你想当一名工程师?好的,这些是你要学的课程。没有什么“做你喜欢的事情”“寻找真正的自我”,也没有什么gap year(空一年出来干自己想干的事情再去上大学)的概念。
看完以上这些点,答主之所以说一部分美国人不会喜欢德国这样的教育模式也是情有可原,因为他们更想要他们的D-I运动队,豪华宿舍,小桶派对和学术自由。果然,“Free”的双层含义不可兼得啊。
有请下一位!与上一位不同,这一位更喜欢美国的大学教育模式哦,来看看他怎么说?
1、The German education system is not free. There is just no tuition; students have to pay to attend university. This lack of money is compensated with tax money.
他纠正:德国的教育系统并不是免费的。我们都知道,去德国留学免学费,但这不代表免费,学生们还是需要支付一小笔费用上大学。其实,大家的学费都是德国的纳税人替大家交的。
2、As a student you still have to cover your other expenses. You need to rent a flat or continue to live with your parents. There are no students dormitories.
作为一名学生,虽然不用出学费,但是平日的生活支出不能避免。你需要自己花钱租房子或者选择继续和父母住一块,因为在德国是没有学生宿舍的。
3、The whole liberal arts thing, where you can choose what courses you are taking, explore different subjects, does not really exist. This might keep the cost low as well. You choose one subject, the day you apply for university like economics, medicine, computer science. Depending on the university and the subject, access might be restricted. For example, if you want to study medicine right after school you need the best high school diploma grade average there is, no matter even what university you want to go to.
你以为在德国你可以选择任何你想学的课程进行学习,虽然理论上是这样的,但事实是!不可能!你就读的学校和专业以及你的高中毕业成绩就限制了你的选择面。
4、There are way more accepted / good alternatives. In other words you are not a loser, when you did not go to University. So this keeps the number of students relatively low compared to for example the US.
上不了大学你也有很多选择,换句话说考不上大学不代表你就是个失败者。所以这种观念致使德国的大学生数量要比美国少得多。
5、Now why is a German University cheaper to run (at least I think they are)?
为什么德国大学运营花的钱要少些呢?
图一
图二
我说图一的学校运营起来便宜你肯定不信……因为这明显看起来图一要比图二现代化的多!但事实就是如此。
German universities tend to be strictly functional. There are built in the spirit of “The building doesn't have to be pretty to make the thoughts on the inside good”
There is less /no luxury stuff. A friend of mine went abroad to the US for one semester. He told me they had their own golf course. In my opinion also this whole university sports system is ridiculous and expensive; there is no such thing in Germany.
德国大学不会去造高尔夫球场啊……没有宿舍啊……因为人家的校园只有一个功能——接受教育
I think the teacher student ratio in Germany is a lot worse. On the other side, school is over, your success is now your own responsibility.
我认为德国的师生比例也差很多,该教的教完了,学校就完事儿了,下面就是你自己的任务了。
There are fewer elite universities and universities like Harvard are expensive.
I think that might give you an impression. Finally I want to emphasize, that I do not think one system is better than the other; there are a lot of things I really like about the American system.
我想我这么说你可能对德国/美国的教育体系有了一定的了解,没办法说哪个比哪个好,但是对于我自己来说,我更喜欢美国的体系。
写在最后:之前那期《你为什么选择去德国留学而不是美国?》的Quora精选,有用户给我们留言,表达自己更喜欢美国的教育体系的观点,并且他表示在美国的发展前景更可观。小编觉得,正因为两国的教育体系非常特别、又有对立点,所以才经常被大家拿出来比较,而留学生们也会考虑到底是去欧洲留学好呢还是去北美留学。我们的任务不是劝大家去德国/美国留学,而是以客观的态度给大家带来更多信息,咨询师们也会给大家带来真心实用的建议,这一切都摆在大家面前,任君挑选。
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